Itroduction and rationale Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Itroduction and rationale - Research Paper Example She has six honorary Doctoral Degrees (Johnson & Webber, 2010). Apart from her acquaintances in the University of Colorado, Jean Watson is a member of American Academy of Nursing. Additionally, she is the president of the National League of Nursing. The most significant career if her elongated research in the area of human science and human caring. This point of her career created the profile of Jean Watson. Across the nursing field Jean Watson is widely known for her expertise in human caring and science. Her contribution in this field led to her publishing of the Jean Watson’s theory on human care. The theory is known as the caring theory which was published in 1988 (Johnson & Webber, 2010). The theory was published in the journal of human science and human care. The rationale of choosing the theory In the selection of the theory and theorists, this particular theory is rare in the field of nursing. Few scholars have made progress in coming up with satisfactory detailed publ ication on human care. According to Johnson & Webber (2010) human care is a neglected field in the medical field. The author further argues that human care is one delicate field that explains the existence of numerous medical relationships between patients and their medical practitioners. Human care is also an inclusion of other modes of medication apart from the ordinary medical care (Hiott, 2010). Human care theory is a grand range theory. The Caring Theory While creating the theory, Watson had in mind the motive to capture the medical essence of not a pat3eint but the human environment of the patient. To be able to achieve this, she included family care and support in the theory and highlighting how important family care is in regards to patient recovery. In words by Johnson & Webber (2010) the caring theory creates and emphasizes on the humanistic aspects of nursing but also with the consideration of scientific knowledge. The general motive of the caring theory is improving the medical and social relationship between patients and nurses. The theory by Watson gives duty to nurses as follows: Create a healthy relationship with the patients. Approach patients with a positive motive Promote health through intervention and medical knowledge Spend significant amount of time with the patients Accept the condition and the patient regardless of their status. Treat patient like innocent and holy creatures Have a positive stature in mind, body and spirit when approaching patients Instill hope and faith in patients Assistance in the acquiring of the basic needs In words by Hiott (2010) the mood of a nurse in a room is responsible for the perception of a patient towards the environment. It may be bright, dull, small, threatening or secure. The author further explains that these provisions of the caring theory give so much authority to nurses to make patients comfortable in the medical institution setting. The theory is based on four concepts: human being, health, envir onment or society and nursing Johnson & Webber (2010). Human being refers to the patients in need of care and medical attention. Health refers to the medical condition of the patient the type of medication the patient is in need of. The environment refers to the provisions of the WHO regarding proper handling and state of medical institutions Johnson & Webber (2010). Nursing is concerned with provision of healthcare and taking care of the patient. Classification of the theory In the creation of

The Project Management Process and Planning Essay

The Project Management Process and Planning - Essay Example The paper presents the project management process as an important component of all major national, international and global projects. Considering the magnitude of the Channel Tunnel project, it would be inappropriate for anyone to think that the application of basic project management processes were absent from the venture. Indeed, project management has been described as both an act and a science as the Microsoft Project Users Group notes that â€Å"project management is the science (and art) of organizing the components of a project, whether the project is development of a new product, the launch of a new service, a marketing campaign, or a wedding.† In a very broad sense, this definition brings out the essence and importance of project managing the Channel Tunnel project. Noting that the project management process has five major stages or steps namely definition of project, planning of project, execution of project, control of project and closure of project, Mathias posits that all these stages were fully covered under the construction of the Channel Tunnel. Hamilton notes that the first two phases of the project, which are the definition and planning phases started several years before the actual implementation of the project. In his estimation, talks on the project started right after the World War I and that â€Å"British strategic sensitivities did plans for the construction of a Channel Tunnel, which were brought before the Committee of Imperial Defence for discussion in the autumn of 1919†.... It was also envisioned that the project would complete in five (5) years. Furthermore, it was consented that the project would cost 2.6 billion British pounds. The execution phase of the project saw the construction of English and France portions of the channel as the project was a joint project by those two countries. More to the rail channels, there was also a vehcle shuttle terminal at Coquelles and Cheriton. The vehicle shuttle terminal at Coquelles was as part of the execution connected A16 motorway whiles the Cheriton vehicle shuttle terminal was connected to the M20 motorway (Rafael, 2009, p.22). Monitoring was taken seriously as there was a technology inclined approach to monitoring the project. Pompee (n.d. p. 4) for instance reports that â€Å"A real-time computerized reporting system allowed to monitor remotely, day by day, progress on all aspects of the project.† The project was closed and commission in May 1994. Planned Specifications The planning phase of the pro ject management process is very important and so has been set aside for comprehensive analysis under this section. Looking critically through some of the programmes outlined above, under the planning phase, it would be seen that there was indeed a lot of work committed into the planning phase of the Channel Tunnel project. This assertion has every justification that it deserves because planning serves as the anchorage for the successful implementation of the entire program. In management studies; the subject component where the construction of major projects like the Channel Tunnel falls under, the issue of planning becomes even more important and distinguishing. In management,

Definition of Europe in the 21st Century

Definition of Europe in the 21st Century Europe is ringed from Kalingrad in the North, to the Caucasus and Central Asia, to the Balkans by an arc of danger and instability. (EU Commissioner for external relations Christopher Patten, July 2001). Does this mean that at the present time Europe and the European are one and the same thing? Introduction: The European or EU citizen is at the present time becoming synonymous with the definition of the point to where the continent of Europe extends. This seems to be the case with the present reaction to enlargement and the focus on crime from outside the borders of the EU and the fears of crime from the newly integrated countries and from those countries that ring the EU. Enlargement will illustrate the new tiered system in the EU, the newly ascended countries from post-Communist countries, which are viewed as not truly European. Therefore this discussion will illustrate how the definition of what Europe is in the 21st Century has been narrowed from the expanse of the European continent to the membership of the EU; whereby countries are aiming to join this political unit in order to gain legitimacy within the global political and economic structure. Enlargement A Case Study of a Narrow Definition of Europe: Enlargement of the EU is a mixed blessing, because on one hand it is helping to achieve a status of stability and cohesiveness throughout the region. On the other hand, there are concerns that in making the Union larger will in fact de-stabilize the region. This is due to prejudice of certain groups which would have free access in the region, one such group are the Roma Gypsy migrants from Slovakia. In the past few months the newspapers have displayed the concerns of the British public and politicians about these migrants when the nation joins the EU. Therefore this introduces the question whether the EU really respects the integrity of cultural difference? Other problems include the possible de-stabilizing of the economy by incorporating smaller, less affluent countries; marginal and war torn countries; and transitional countries. These countries could also cause the EU problems in regard to its unique approach of ensuring cohesiveness by using the rule of law, because if the EU get s too large it may not be possible any longer to ensure its political and legal stability. Therefore the consistency and coherence that the rule of law ensures is no longer apparent due to the sheer size of the Union. Another problem lies in the fact that smaller nations may not have the legal, political and economic clout to ensure that their agenda is considered. Although previously it has been mentioned that the EUs rule of law acts as a check and balance to more powerful nations, in truth the original countries in the EU were mainly ex-colonial empires. The newer nations that are joining the EU are akin to colonies of a colonial power, therefore there is an inherent imbalance in the Union. However in response to the negative effects of the possible de-stabilization of the region, one must consider that in order to join the Union each nation must have fulfilled the Copenhagen Criteria. This criterion states that each joining nation must be: Be a stable democracy, respecting human rights, the rule of law, and the protection of minorities; have a functioning market economy; adopt the common rules, standards and policies that make up the body of EU law. The EU paints a very enthusiastic picture of enlargement, where the only outcome of enlargement is beneficial. In truth this is a very lopsided picture because of the public outcry against the possible immigration into the original EU states. This can be seen in the article by Cathy Newman in the Financial Times: Britain will throw open its doors to workers from the former communist countries joining the European Union on May 1, but those that refuse to get a job will be denied benefits and thrown out, the government has pledged Tony Blair after months of pressure from the Tories and the right wing press over fears of an influx of immigrants from the former Soviet bloc vowed: If they cant support themselves, they will be put out of the country. This article illustrates the problems that have occurred within one nation over the policy of enlargement. Although the enlargement is supposed to bring together the European region, the public opinion of at least one EU nation is resisting the expansion, in relation to economic migrants migrants which the nation has traditionally refused asylum applications. However these fears may be unfounded because as Kraus Schwager argue that increased migration from East to West EU countries would only occur under the fear of rejection to Union membership. In fact they argue that the EUs expansion will have a beneficial effect on the economy of these smaller nations and this will result in a boost of their economies and job market, hence reducing the amount of migrants from East to West. The conclusion of their article they state that: Policy makers who are, for whatever reason, reluctant to accept large numbers of immigrants should not feel troubled with enlargement. On the contrary, the prospect of joining the EU may well reduce immigration. The economic and social benefits which probably accrue to Eastern Europe from accession should be presented as a means to reducing the incentives to emigrate. Policies which enhance convergence of income levels in eastern and Western Europe, such as the internal market and, possibly, Structural Funds should be promoted. .. In this process, diverging interests of major EU members have created substantial uncertainty about the date and conditions of accession. It is quite plausible that such uncertainty has raised the fear among potential migrants that accession may fail or be postponed for a long time. According to our result, this may have increased immediate immigration. Thus, if immigration is not desirable, for future accession rounds a straightforward and predictable neg otiation process is to be recommended. Hence Kraus Schwager argue that the fears of the right, which have been fed to the public through the media, concerning immigration from the East that will de-stabilize the economy, have no place. This is because the possible migrants would prefer to stay in their homeland with a stronger and growing economy rather than move to another nation. However, although these fears may be unfounded the resistance to these new citizens from the Eastern Europe illustrates the possible de-stabilization of the EU politically. In addition to this it causes problems legally because the cornerstone and the uniqueness of the EU lies within the rule of law and one of the most important laws that is upheld is the Free Movement of EU Citizens, which includes their ability to trade, reside and work in part of the EU. Yet, the accession of the new Eastern European nations has heralded blocks to this ability by many of the original and major EU players. In the UK it has caused a debate because the governme nt was going to allow a free movement of possible immigrants but this has been resisted by the right, as well as members of the public. This is illustrated by the arguments of Michael Howard, leader of the Conservative Party: Mr Howard, seeking to make political capital out of Labours discomfort on the issue, will accuse the Government of complacency over the implications of the EUs expansion in May. This comes as the Government sought to play down fears that Britain would be flooded by migrants seeking work in more prosperous parts of the EU. During a high-profile visit to Burnley, the scene of race riots in2001, Mr Howard will demand that Britain copy the transitional arrangements adopted by Germany and France to prevent citizens from new EU members from working there. Mr Howard will say: The Conservative Party has always supported the enlargement of the EU to take in the former communist countries of Eastern Europe. We continue to do so. But he will continue: Almost every other country in the EU has quite rightly taken the precaution of putting in place transitional arrangements to deal with immigration from the accession countries. It is still not too late for the British Government to put in place transitional arrangements as well. If we were in government, we would do so. The Government has approached this problem in typical fashion. First it failed to address it, then it ignored it, now it is claiming to face up to it. In short the cohesiveness that the EU has claimed will occur with the enlargement has not happened in the expected manner. Ever since enlargement there have been a greater amount of problems combating organized crime, because of decreased security, corruption of public officials in favour of organized crime groups in the newly acceded nations and the breaches of human rights in arrests. Therefore this creates problems for combating organized crime with either prisoners being let off on technicalities, the vastness of places to hide decreasing the effectiveness of policing or the police not interested in fighting organized crime. Kennedy has commented that the EU is committed to justly and fairly fighting organized crime within the realms of human rights and justice; however its weakness is that it relies only on specific domestic member state intelligence: We are being told that Europol and Eurojust the new European body to strengthen collaboration between justice ministries and prosecution services- will only act on specific intelligence. This is to rely on the integrity of the state and its officials [I]t also means relying on the intelligence of other countries and, as I have said before, we have no idea about how this may be collected and by what standards. Justice does not permit shortcuts, but governments will readily pursue quick and dirty solutions to problems if not kept under scrutiny. Therefore by purely relying on only specific intelligence this will reduce the effectiveness of the fight against organized crime, especially when there is the added problem of corrupt post-communist regimes that have joined the EU after enlargement; whereby the true European, i.e. the EU citizen needs to be protected especially those original member states which define the true Europe.

View of the World From Different Ages :: English Literature Essays

View of the World From Different Ages In the story of the Bear the young boy was not allowed to join the hunt until he was ten years old. He was taught all the stories and heard all the legends of the great bear with the crooked print his entire childhood and he knew all about the great bear everyone always was talking about. As people grow older they are maturing in ways to prepare them for life and all of the hardest tasks that will be put in front of them. This boy was told many stories of the bear, some of them had extreme exaggeration, and others didn’t. All the stories he heard were to help him when his time came to face the bear. When the boy had his first chance to go out on a hunting trip with the men the first thing Sam told him was â€Å"Be scared, you cant help that, but don’t be afraid. Ain’t nothing in the woods going to hurt you unless you corner it, or it smells that you are afraid. A bear or a deer, too, has got to be scared of a coward the same as a brave man has got to be.†(793) At the age of ten he was ready to shoot the bear, and yet he never had the chance to see it, because the bear knew the boy was a coward at the time and the bear knew he would shoot him because the boy did not yet respect him as the more experienced hunters did. The boy felt the bear and this taught him even more than he already knew about it from the stories he had been told. â€Å"He realized for he first time that the bear which had run in his listening and loomed in his dreams since before he could remember to the contrary and which, therefore, must have existed in the listening and dreams of his f ather and Major de Spain and even old General Compson, too, before they began to remember in their turn, was a mortal animal, and that if they had departed for the camp each November without any actual hope of bringing its trophy back, it was not because it could not be slain, but because so far they had no actual hope too.†(791) These kinds of things are what he was constantly being told and not that he felt the presence of the bear he realized that they were all true.

Easton Baseball Bats vs. Demarini Baseball Bats

Ever since the invention of the metal bat, creators have been perfecting the specific ingredients to it in order to create the best performance possible for an athlete. Over the past decade, two particular brands of baseball bats have revolutionized the way that players hit the baseball and perform at high levels. The common brands for baseball players are the Demarini and Easton brand baseball bats. Not only are both baseball bats reliable, they also perform at the highest level to create exemplary satisfaction. But an argument remains for both bats; which is the most reliable, which bat is the most effective on the field, and which bat do the players prefer the most? The elements of these particular brands are corresponding in a way to create an exceptional evaluation, but based on overall performance and player nostalgia the Easton bat has the upper hand. The Demarini brand of bats was established with the common goal in mind of revolutionizing the feel of the ball off the bat, and ultimately increasing the velocity of the ball off the bat. As a result, the manufacturer conjured the idea of â€Å"composite† metal, which is a softer and more flexible metal then the normal aluminum used in bats from the past. The baseball would basically bounce off this new type of bat with higher velocity. The composite idea took off, and soon players all over the world loved the feel of this now material as it struck a baseball. Climactically, the new Demarini bat was a better performer on the baseball field than its counterparts; with the exception of the Easton brand. As a result to the evolutional upgrade to the Demarini baseball bat, Easton turned the competition up a notch with the creation of stronger, more reliable bats that lasted a player several years of pertinent performance. Demarini bats were known to crack and lose â€Å"pop† over time, even with the risk of completely breaking! Easton bats were now tougher and more durable than the competitors, specifically Demarini. They also created the perfect balance on the baseball bat. Some bats feel â€Å"top heavy† (more weight is on the end of the bat causing an uneven swing), but Easton perfected balance creating more weight towards the handle. With the upgrades established by Easton, they were now on top of the baseball performance mountain, and no one has touched them to this day. Players across the nation and world have enjoyed the Easton bat’s performance on the field. Organizations have committed specifically to reviewing and studying the performance of baseball bats. According to baseballbat-reviews. com: Easton has produced top-of-the-line sporting equipment and for years has been one of America’s first choices, especially when it comes to aluminum baseball bats. There is no doubt [sic] all of Easton baseball bats will get the job done. Players have also personally shown their appreciation of the Easton baseball bat and how it has improved their performance on the field. John Stalton in Littleton, CO stated to Easton’s personal website, â€Å"†¦this is the best bat I have ever used over the course of 3 years; I will never buy a different brand of bat. † Player nostalgia is the most important argument to proving the level of performance a baseball bat brings to the table, and Easton went above-and-beyond in customer satisfaction. Demarini had many player disapprovals regarding reliability and, sometimes, performance. John Stalton said, â€Å"I have tried to use a Demarini, but it created too many problems. After 2 weeks, there was a rattling in the bat when I swung it. † Performance and reliability are the two major components to how bats are evaluated by players in modern day baseball. The Demarini and Easton brand baseball bats have been widely praised for their performance on the field, but no other brand can compare to Easton’s reliability to the players. Players have voiced their opinions regarding the performance and reliability of these particular brands, and a result; the Easton baseball bat has been considered the best metal bat in baseball today.

Amelia Earhart: A Woman with a Strong Heart

Amelia Earth was an important fugue who achieved read success and paved the way for women who came along after her, Amelia Mary Earth was born on July 24, 1897, In Atchison, Kansas (Amelia). Amelia was a tomboy when she was young, she loved playing outdoors and going on adventures. Amelia was a very spirited girl, and she didn't accept the explanation that girls Just shouldn't do things simply because they were girls. Amelia collected bugs, Jumped off roofs and kept a scrapbook of newspaper clippings about successful women in predominantly male-oriented fields such as management, engineering and law (Parr).Amelia was no ordinary child, she knew something had o change in America from early on, her stubborn character to do whatever she wished would help usher in a new age for women around the world. Amelia was more than Just a woman who flew a airplane, her modern lifestyle inspired many to follow suit. She served as a nurse during World War l, which was still a controversial Job for w omen at the time (Amelia). Amelia had many interests and attended Colombia University signing up for a medical major. She took classes In engine repair. Not smiled upon at the time, and classes in French poetry and even taught herself to play the banjo (Rich).Amelia liked to push the envelope and wasn't afraid of controversy or being different. Although she left Colombia after one year, her year there played a huge role in her development as a modern woman. Many adore the way she did not follow the crowd but followed her dreams and achieved great things In many areas of her life. Amelia fell In love with the Idea of flying after leaving Colombia. She chose to be taught by Neat snood, one of the first woman aviators of the time, to teach her to fly (Rich). Like in everything else Amelia learned quickly and surpassed all expectations.She broke many records during her lifetime. In 1932, she became the first woman to fly over the Atlantic Ocean solo, the only person to fly it twice, it was the longest nonstop distance flown by a woman, and the flight set a record for crossing the Atlantic In the shortest time (Amelia). When Amelia returned to New York after her famous flight, she was honored by a ticker tape parade. President Roosevelt presented her with the Special Gold Medal from the National Geographic Society. The United States Congress awarded her with the Distinguished Flying Cross, she became he first woman to earn the award (Parr).Amelia's flights showed America that a woman can do everything a man can do and even better. Amelia Earth spent most of her lifetime establishing the permanent role of women In aviation. However, her Influence spans far beyond her accomplishments In follow their dreams no matter what obstacles stood in their way. Her ability to balance her life and career makes her one of the first modern American women. Amelia Earth may have won the Woman of the Year during her lifetime but she could arguably be the Woman of the Century.